ㄱ.   Foulk, George Clayton, America's Man in Korea: The Private Letters of George C. Foulk, 1884–1887,     
       Hawley, Samuel (Ed.), Lexington Books, 2007, p37
ㄴ.   정병준, 우남 이승만 연구, 역사비평사, 2006, p466
ㄷ.   Patterson, Wayne, The Ilse: First-Generation Korean Immigrants in Hawaiʻi, 1903-1973,
       University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2000, p125
ㄹ.   Takaki, Ronald, Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920,
       University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1984, p156
ㅁ.   Id., p157